Yuvika SinghCarotid artery disease is a severe heart disease which is caused when the blood vessels (carotid arteries) in the neck become narrow or clogged as a result of plaque formation. The condition poses a significant threat of strokes, and therefore early detection and management is necessary. For patients seeking comprehensive cardiovascular services, for carotid artery disease, it is important to understand its warning signs and available treatment options.
Carotid Artery Disease- What Is It?
Carotid artery disease is a disease that is caused by the deposition of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the carotid arteries. With time, this accumulation inhibits blood circulation into the brain or leads to the formation of clots. In case of breakage of a clot or in case of extreme constrictive artery, it may cause a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a full stroke.
This disorder is usually asymptomatic and manifests itself through significant blockages. That is why routine cardiovascular screening is an important part of preventive cardiovascular services, especially for high-risk individuals.
Key Symptoms to Watch For
The onset of symptoms is not experienced by many patients. Nevertheless, with the progression of the disease, symptoms can manifest without prior notice and must not be completely disregarded.
Common symptoms include:
- Sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arms or legs (in one or both sides).
- Difficulty speaking or interpretation of speech.
- The impaired vision in one or both of the eyes in a sudden manner.
- Lightheadedness, lack of coordination, or loss of balance.
- Acute severe headache of unknown etiology.
These symptoms are the possible symptoms of TIA or strokes and should be objectively addressed.
The Carotid Artery Disease Risk Factors
There are a number of circumstances that elevate the risk of getting carotid artery disease. These are high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity and a family history of cardiovascular disease. There is also the factor of age whereby plaque accumulation is likely to increase with age.
Patients with existing heart disease or a history of strokes should undergo regular monitoring as part of ongoing cardiovascular services to detect carotid artery narrowing early.
Diagnostic Examinations and Assessment.
The physical examination is usually the start of the diagnosis, during which a doctor can detect an abnormal sound (bruit) in front of the carotid artery with a stethoscope. This is then confirmed by imaging tests to determine the severity of the diagnosis.
The most popular diagnostic instruments include Oceanic ultrasound to identify the blood circulation and plaque formation in carotid arteries. It also includes CT angiography or MR angiography and in some complex cases, angiography.
Lifestyle and Medical Management.
In mild to moderate disease, the therapy is based on the reduction of risk factors. This involves healthy dietary modifications, physical workouts, eliminating smoking, and managing blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes using medications.
Surgical and Interventional interventions.
In the worst scenario, some particular procedures might be required. These include:
- Carotid endarterectomy– removes the plaque in the artery.
- Carotid artery stenting– This procedure opens the artery with a mesh tube to enable blood circulation.
These interventions are commonly offered through specialized cardiovascular services to reduce the risk of strokes.
Conclusion
Carotid artery disease is a significant but seldom manifested cause of strokes and permanent disability. Timely diagnosis of symptoms, risk factor management, and timely medical services can significantly enhance outcomes. With advances in diagnosis and treatment, modern cardiovascular services provide effective solutions ranging from lifestyle management to minimally invasive procedures. Preventive treatment and frequent examinations continue to be the most effective form of protection in this case.
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